As an example, look at a person riding a bicycle, with the individual acting like the electric motor. If that person tries to ride that bike up a steep hill in a gear that is designed for low rpm, he or she will struggle as
they attempt to maintain their stability and achieve an rpm which will permit them to 
climb the hill. However, if indeed they shift the bike’s gears into a velocity that will create a higher rpm, the rider could have
a much easier period of it. A continuous force could be applied with soft rotation being supplied. The same logic applies for commercial applications that require lower speeds while preserving necessary
torque.
• Inertia matching. Today’s servo motors are producing more torque in accordance with frame size. That’s because of dense copper windings, lightweight materials, and high-energy magnets.
This creates greater inertial mismatches between servo motors and the loads they are trying to move. Utilizing a gearhead to raised match the inertia of the electric motor to the inertia of the strain allows for utilizing a smaller engine and results in a far more responsive system that is simpler to tune. Again, this is attained through the gearhead’s ratio, where in fact the reflected inertia of the strain to the engine is decreased by 1/ratio2.
Recall that inertia may be the measure of an object’s level of resistance to improve in its motion and its function of the object’s mass and form. The greater an object’s inertia, the more torque is required to accelerate or decelerate the object. This implies that when the load inertia is much larger than the motor inertia, sometimes it could cause excessive overshoot or increase settling times. Both conditions can decrease production line throughput.
On the other hand, when the motor inertia is larger than the strain inertia, the engine will require more power than is otherwise necessary for this application. This improves costs since it requires having to pay more for a engine that’s bigger than necessary, and since the increased power consumption requires higher operating costs. The solution is to use a gearhead to match the inertia of the motor to the inertia of the load.
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